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International Federation of Shipmasters' Associations
IFSMA is a Federation established to uphold International Standards of Professional Competence for Seafarers commensurate with the need to ensure Safe Operational Practices, Preservation from Human Injury, (continued below)
United Kingdom
Hanseatic Marine Training School
A marine training school situated in Cyprus providing training facilities to the marine industry. Training at all levels excluding national licenses, the school specialises in pre-sea and rating training and "specialised short courses".
Cyprus
HODT Korrosionsschutz GmbH
Anti-Corrosion products - Consulting, Service & Sale Ballasttank-protection, wire rope dressings, wire rope luibricator, soft coatings, semi hard coatings, 1-K-Polyurethan Coatings
Germany
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Micro-bubbles Reduce Drag
4/3/1999
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Ishikawajima-Harima Engineering has assessed the effects of drag reduction by micro-bubble injection. Long ship models with flat bottoms were used in experiments. The local skin friction and the total drag of 8 m, 20 m, and 40 m long slender ship models were measured while injecting micro-bubbles from porous plate during towing. The micro-bubbles were observed by CCD camera. Drag reduction was obtained by injecting micro-bubbles in all experimental cases. A maximum drag reduction was about 60% in frictional drag on the part of the flat bottom covered by micro-bubbles. Reduction of local skin friction was evident as far as about 40 m downstream from the injection point, although the reduction decreased with distance.
Ishikawajima-Harima Engineering Review March 1999, Vol. 39 No. 2 pp. 89-93
More information: IHI
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